Ultroglo ATP assay and ames test

Ultroglo ATP assay and ames test. Ultroglo ATP assay and ames test. Write about two assays under the followind points:(each assay in a page)
1. Background of the assay and how they are a part of implant biocompatibility testing.
2. Application of the assay
3. previous research/uses of the application/experiment
4. reasons for method/experiment
5 conclusion
Harvard style referencing ( in the paragraph also eg: (James, 2017)
do it in word microsoft.

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Ultroglo ATP assay and ames test

Ultroglo ATP assay and ames test

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what extent does hydrogen peroxide affect the enzyme activity of Ovis Aries liver

what extent does hydrogen peroxide affect the enzyme activity of Ovis Aries liver. what extent does hydrogen peroxide affect the enzyme activity of Ovis Aries liver. This is an IA (lab report) The research question is "What is the effect of increasing the concentration of catalase on the rate of chemical reaction?" In the picture I uploaded, I put all the results of the expirements so please use these results in the lab report with the specifc amount/quantities I used dont change them. I have also uploaded the method however, ofcourse rewrite it in a better, formal way. The lab report needs to be in the IA format so please google all the requirements of the IA because I need to have every single detail ( eg: introduction, hypothesis, evaluation, graph, variabl

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what extent does hydrogen peroxide affect the enzyme activity of Ovis Aries liver

what extent does hydrogen peroxide affect the enzyme activity of Ovis Aries liver

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Build a phylogenetic

Build a phylogenetic. Build a phylogenetic. For this assignment, you will use an amino acid sequence from a specific protein found in a wide variety of plants. Proteins are composed of smaller molecules called amino acids. The amino acids are arranged in a specific sequence, which determines the shape and function of the protein. The sequence of amino acids in a particular protein can vary slightly among different organisms because of small mutations that have occurred over evolutionary time. The more evolutionary time has passed, the greater the number of mutations that could have occurred to change the amino acid sequence. If two organisms recently shared a common ancestor, then the amino acid sequences of their proteins should be similar. If two organisms last shared a common much farther in the past, then their amino acid sequences will have greater differences.

The protein you will use for this assignment is called Bet v 1. Proteins are often named after the organism where they were first found. In this case, the Bet v 1 protein was found in birch trees, which have the scientific name Betula verrucosa (hence Bet v 1 protein). The Bet v 1 protein helps plants defend against certain types of pathogens and is found in many different types of plants, including peaches, cherries, celery, tomato and potato and, of course, birch trees.

Here is a list of 15 plant species you will include in your analysis of Bet v 1.

celery
carrot
parsley
kiwi
cherry
peach
pear
strawberry
raspberry
apple
apricot
birch
soybean
potato
tomato

Compare these 15 types of plants to each other. Which are, in your opinion, more similar to each other and which are less similar? Why? Try to think about whether these similarities are required for function or if they are similar for another reason that isn’t apparent to you.

For example, you may think that apples and pears both have stems because the stem is required to hang that fruit. You may therefore conclude that stems are necessary for this particular function. You may also recognize that raspberries and strawberries both have their seeds on the outside but this similarity is not necessary for function because seeds on the inside work just as well.

Record your comparisons (at least three or four) on a piece of notebook paper. Write your name on the paper because you’ll turn this in later.

You have just developed a hypothesis about which structural similarities are homologies and which are not. You could use the homologies to build a phylogenetic tree by grouping together organisms with shared homologies. If you hypothesize that two organisms share a homology, then you are also hypothesizing that those two organisms share a common ancestor. Using homologies to develop phylogenetic trees is a very important tool in evolutionary biology.
Another tool is to use genetic information, such as DNA and proteins. DNA and proteins can vary among organisms due to mutations that change the nucleotide or amino acid sequence. Because genetic mutations accumulate over time, closely related organisms will be genetically similar. More distantly related organisms will be genetically less similar. You will use the amino acid sequence for Bet v 1 from the 15 plant species to obtain a phylogenetic tree. Below is the amino acid sequence for each species. Some sequences, such as raspberry, are a bit shorter but this will not be a problem.

>Celery
MGVQTHVLELTSSVSAEKIFQGFVIDVDTVLPKAAPGAYKSVEIKGDGGPGTLKIITLP

>Carrot
MGVQKHEQEITSSVPAEKMGHGLILDIDNILPKAAPGAYKNVEIKGDGGVGTIKHITLP

>Parsley
MGAVTTDVEVASSVPAQTIYKGFLLDMDNIIPKVLPQAIKSIEIISGDGGAGTIKKVTLG

>Kiwi
MGAITYDMEIPSSISAEKMFKAFVLDGDTIIPKALPHAITGVQTLEGDGGVGTIKLTTFG

>Cherry
MGVFTYESEFTSEIPPPRLFKAFVLDADNLVPKIAPQAIKHSEILEGDGGPGTIKKITFG

>Peach
MGVGTYESEFTSEIPPPRLFKAFVLDADNLVPKIAPQAIKHSEILEGDGGPGTIKKITFG

>Pear
MGLYTFENEFTSEIPPPRLFKAFVLDADNLIPKIAPQAIKHAEILEGNGGPGTIKKITFG

>Strawberry
MGVFTYESEFTSVIPPPKLFKAFVLDADNLIPKIAPQAVKSAEIIEGDGGVGTIKKIHLG

>Raspberry
YTSVIPPPKLFKAFVLDADNLIPKIAPQAVKSVEIIEGDGGVGTVKKIHLG

>Apple
MGVFNYETEFTSVIPPARLFNAFVLDADNLIPKIAPQAVKSAEILEGDGGVGTIKKINFG

>Apricot
MGVFTYETEFTSVIPPEKLFKAFILDADVLIPKVAPTAVKGTEILEGDGGVGTIKKVTFG

>Birch
MGVGNYETETTSVIPAARLFKAFILDGDNLFPKVAPQAISSVENIEGNGGPGTIKKISFP

>Soybean
MGVFTSESEHVSPVSAAKLYKAIVLDASNVPPKALPNFIKSVETIEGDGGPGTIKKLTLA

>Potato
MGVTSYTLETTTPVAPTRLFKALVVDSDNLIPKLMPQVKNIEAEGDGSIKKMTFV

>Tomato
MGVTTYTHEDTSTVSPNRLFKALVIDGDNLIPKLMPNVKNVETEGDGSIKKINFV

Each letter indicates 1 of 20 possible amino acids. For example, nearly all of the sequences begin with M, which represents Methionine. If you compare the first three amino acids of the sequences, most begin with MGV, MGA or MGL. The third amino acid varies among the different plants, which is due to mutational differences that have occurred over time. You might hypothesize that species with the V amino acid at the third position are more closely related to each other than they are to those with an A or L at the third position. Comparing all of the sequences manually to develop a phylogenetic tree would be a very difficult task. Fortunately, there are computer programs that do this for us.

Follow the instructions below to develop a phylogenetic tree for the 15 plant species using Bet v 1 amino acid sequences.

1. Go to the course website in Moodle. Scroll down to the link that says “Bet v 1 Protein Sequences.” Follow the link to find the Bet v 1 sequences.
2. Copy all 15 sequences from the website, starting at “>Celery” and ending on the line below “>Tomato”. You must include the lines beginning with the greater than sign and the sequences. Do not copy the start here and end here lines.
3. Navigate to the website http://phylogeny.lirmm.fr/phylo_cgi/index.cgi. There is a link on the course website. You’ll probably have to resize the new window that opens.
4. Scroll down a bit and click on “One click” under the heading “Phylogeny analysis”
5. Paste what you have previously copied into the giant white box in the center of the page, located directly under “Or paste it here”. You do not need to provide a name or your e-mail address.
6. Do not click any other boxes and click on submit. The entire process should take no more than about two minutes. The website is automatically doing two things for you:
a. Align the sequences. You probably noticed the sequences are not the same length. For example, the raspberry sequence is incomplete and therefore shorter than the other sequences. The sequences have to be properly aligned to get a reasonable analysis.
b. Analyze the aligned sequences. The computer uses a maximum likelihood analysis technique that is a mathematically complex but very robust. Many analyses take hours or days to run but our data set is very small so the analysis will be quick.
7. After the analysis is complete, you should now see a phylogenetic tree. Click on the PDF button under the heading “Download the tree”, which is right below the tree.
8. Print this PDF file and attach the scrap piece of paper that you jotted down the similarities on earlier.
The phylogenetic tree that you obtained is an real hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships among these 15 plant species, based on the Bet v 1 amino acid sequence. The numbers on the top of the tree branches indicate the likelihood that that particular branching is correct (it’s not a probability though; typically a value of 70 or higher is good).

Study the tree. Does it make sense to you? In other words, are plants that you thought might be closely related actually closely related?

On your scrap piece of paper that you attached to the PDF file, list some relationships that surprised you. If you can’t find any, list some that you predicted. But seriously, did you really predict kiwis are more closely related to celery and carrots than to strawberries?

Feel free to play around with the buttons and experiment with new types of views for your phylogeny. If you click on the “Alignment” tab above the tree, you’ll see the final alignment of your amino acid sequences. Notice the dashes that were added to the start of the raspberry sequence. The dashes indicate missing information. Notice that most of the amino acids vary but that some never change. For example, all of the plants have a “PK” near the middle of the sequence, and all have a K in the 6th to last position (the last green shaded column). These unvarying amino acids might be critical to the function of the Bet v 1 protein.

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Build a phylogenetic

Build a phylogenetic

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Point of Care (POC) Project

Point of Care (POC) Project. Point of Care (POC) Project. completely and fully by your own words only base on order instruction (as file attachment)..please consider only answers of questions on completed order file so No questions include it also.
Order instruction uploaded as file . please first read order instruction and then answers 12 questions of POC project.

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Point of Care (POC) Project

Point of Care (POC) Project

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antibacterial activity of nisin

antibacterial activity of nisin. antibacterial activity of nisin. Write one paragraph as an analysis of the article once finished then Answer the following questions separately in different paragraphs. Cite the paper uploaded.

1.Fig 5 shows that in vitro release profiles in phosphate buffer of pure nisin or nisin from from nanocapsules are very similar.Based on this figure the encapsulation did’t bring an advantage i.e. better control the release of nisin.
In this case why the authors encapsulated nisin ?

2.There are some interactions between nisin and the two polymers ?If yes, with which polymer and what type of interactions ?
3.Explain the role of surfactant on the encapsulation of nisin ? What are other syrfactants which can play the same role ?

4.Is chitosan soluble in water ? Please discuss the water solubilities of all reagents used in nanocapsules preparation.

5.Based on TEM micrographs in fig. 4 showing the encapsulated nicin.
Please give particles size and parameters which can influence it as well as encapsulation efficacy.
6.  describe how the antibacterial activity of nisin was evaluated and the findings illustrated in fig 6 ?

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antibacterial activity of nisin

antibacterial activity of nisin

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Gene expression lab report of experiment

Gene expression lab report of experiment. Gene expression lab report of experiment. he first three PDF files uploaded are extremely detailed and important, they are the requirements/guidelines given by my professor in how he wants the report and what’s required, the amount of words per section, what to put in each section, where to look up references, etc.
This lab report requires 6 sources for introduction, 2 of them I’m giving to you, they are the class book and lab manual. the other 4 have to be peer review and where to look up reference says where to look it up. Sources have to talk about topics like gene expression, plasmids especially the ones we used in lab(puc18 and lux), transformation efficiency, antibiotics, plasmids in wild, quorum sensing, gram negative and gram positive.
The lab manual also has the experiment we did in class read everything about lab manual very carefully, it talks about gene expression, our experiment, methods, some results in tables we got too which I included upladed as tables in a doc. Of course they have to be explained.
Every table/graph (read requiremnts in uploaded files), have to have summary underneath it so professor can understand what represents. Also include the plate pics uploaded.

Explanation of results should be in discussion section i thin k, but double check in quideline for writing uploaded.
You have to explain and mention why besides human error we could have gotten a higher transformation efficiency for lux when it should be puc18 higher like mentioned in lab manual. Also, explain why only the LB/AMP lux had bioluminescence. And anything else remeber  you have the sample paper as a guide for what needs to be discussed.
The sample paper I uploaded it’s from a team member, she’s missing stuff but so you can have an idea and guide of what the lab report should look like. Her results in table for transformation are not right she has to change it to the ones I gave you. DO NOT copy anything from her since professor checks for plagiarism.

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Gene expression lab report of experiment

Gene expression lab report of experiment

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Brassica rapa growth in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in crude oil-polluted environment

Brassica rapa growth in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in crude oil-polluted environment. Brassica rapa growth in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in crude oil-polluted environment. . Add the tables and figures after the results section and reference to it when writing the results.
– please include figure and table legend other than the ones in the words docs that I gave you because the one I have on there are just for you to know which one is which
– if you can describe the result and not just say the data
– in our result, we got that cells that have high oil and control (400) co2 did not grow well but the cells that have high oil and high co2 (800) they grow good so this support our hypothesis
– PLEASE include the f ratio which is also in the word doc I gave you, the f ratio work like the p value and anything greater than 0.05 is not significantly different and if it less we reject the null hypothesis
– The letters above each bar in the graphs mean that if two bars have the same letter they will be similar and if they don’t have the same letter that mean they are different so it’s like showing you which ones is similar and which ones are different please make sure you describe them in the result and mention them in the Discussion section as well as the f ratio
– Also in our data, the biomass was lower than the low oil and none oil across all the chambers make sure you describe that and mention it as well
– Include all the 5 tables and the 5 figures with legends and description of each
_ we are using new motor oil instead of Crude oil, in the proposal we talked about using crude oil but the greenhouse lab at our university couldn’t afford crude oil.

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Brassica rapa growth in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in crude oil-polluted environment

Brassica rapa growth in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide in crude oil-polluted environment

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marine critter

marine critter. marine critter. In your paper, you should define your creature by describing a little about its taxonomy, e.g., domain, class, genus, species. You must include, at very least, the binomial in the correct format (refer to lecture on topic; e.g., Homo sapiens, or Mytilus edulis). Also describe where it is found and when. What features or adaptations make your organism suited to its environment? What does it eat, how does it acquire food, exchange gasses, deal with changes in pressure, or temp, or salinity…? Does it migrate? Can it move? How? Also add all the coolest stuff about your organism!!

Now, of course, you know that you must not plagiarize others work, so you will be expected to reference most of the information in your paper. Supply in-text references, AND a separate References section at the end (not part of the 2 pages). For example: “The biggest creature in the ocean is the Huge Whalethingy, Whaley humungicus, found exclusively in tropical and subtropical oceans (Parsons, 1922).”

Then, in your references section, you would have the full reference:

Parsons, Gene. 1922. Occurance of the Huge Whalethingy in tropical and subtropical waters of the Gumdrop Sea. Journal of Dubious Findings. 2:14-36.

Choose whatever reference style you like, as long as it includes the main info and is standard throughout.

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marine critter

marine critter

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Personal Choices

Personal Choices. Personal Choices. For this assessment, examine in a 3–4-page report the impact of your choices on the environment and consider positive changes you could implement.

Begin your report by explaining areas of your life in which your choices impact the environment. This list could be endless; choose to focus on 10 areas of impact. Then, choose five changes related to the areas you listed that you could implement in your life.
•Include at least one change relevant to each of the three main natural resources—air, water, and land (soil).
•For each of your five changes you have chosen to examine, address the following: ◦What is the financial cost/benefit of the change?
◦What health benefits are associated with the change?
◦What are the environmental benefits of this change? How does this change promote conservation of air, water, or land?
◦What is the impact on your lifestyle if you make the change?

Finally, address the following in regard to your chosen changes overall:
•What message are you trying to convey? Highlight the main points you want to present.
•How do your personal choices affect environmental health?
•Include a reference to the information from at least two reputable sources that support your choices. What do other sources of information say about these concepts?
•Finally, explain how you could convince your friends and family that these changes are important.

Additional Requirements

Use the APA Paper Template (linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading) to format your report.
•Written Communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•Length: This report should be 3–4 pages in content length. Include a separate title page and a separate references page.
•Font and Font Size: Times New Roman, 12-point, double-spaced. Use Microsoft Word.
•APA Formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.
•Number of Resources: You are required to cite a minimum of 2 scholarly resources. You may conduct independent research for resources and references to support your report. Provide a reference list and in-text citations for all of your resources, using APA format. You may cite texts and authors from the Resources.#2

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Personal Choices

Personal Choices

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Genetically Modified Rice and the distinctive ways they resist Drought and enhance yield

Genetically Modified Rice and the distinctive ways they resist Drought and enhance yield. Genetically Modified Rice and the distinctive ways they resist Drought and enhance yield. Biology 440 (1132)                    Biology Seminar             Fall 2016

 

Instructor:      Dr. T. Kamps

Class time:     Wednesday, 9:55 am – 10:45 pm

Room:                        S318

Office:                        S337A

Phone:            201-200-3056

Email:             tkamps@njcu.edu

Office Hours:    

M       11:15 am – 12:15 pm

T & R  8:50 pm – 9:20 pm

W       11:00 am – 1:00 pm and 5:30 pm – 6:30 pm

Additional times by appointment

 

Prerequisites:   Senior Standing (97 credits), including 5 Biology major courses beyond Biol. 130/131 (with grades of C or better).

Course Description: This is the capstone course in Biology Department degree programs at NJCU.  Capstone courses give students the opportunity to demonstrate the knowledge they have acquired throughout their studies, and to apply the learning they have achieved in the study of their major.  Biology Seminar is designed to develop and assess the ability of Senior Biology majors to identify and summarize current progress in biological research and to communicate their understanding in written and oral format.

Course Objectives:

 

  • Students will be able to identify a topic of current importance in biological research;
  • Students will be able to prepare and deliver an oral presentation on that topic, using multimedia content (e.g. PowerPoint slides);
  • Students will be able to discuss aspects of effective oral presentations;
  • Students will provide constructive feedback to others on their topics, paper organization and presentations;
  • Students will be able to write a paper on their topic, with proper in-text citations and bibliography.

 

Course Requirements:

  • You must choose a topic of interest to you that is of current importance in biological research. The process of topic selection will be done in consultation with the instructor. Your topic will be from a theme of either Biology and Global Warming, or Biotechnology. It cannot be a direct review of human diseases.

 

  • You must collect information from library and internet sources to prepare a 20 minute oral presentation and a 10 page (not including graphics) essay on the same topic. Your primary information sources must be primary research articles appearing in a respectable scientific journal, or symposium, but may not be from a textbook or internet site. These primary references will provide information about your topic, as well as a bibliography of published works that will be the target of further research. Supporting general knowledge information can be obtained from properly cited textbooks, encyclopedias, internet sites (not Wikipedia), and periodicals. Most of your information should come from recent peer-reviewed scientific journals (<5 years old).
  • You must prepare and deliver a 20-25 minute oral presentation, supported by multimedia materials. You are to describe your subject, its background, and its current and future importance. You may also express your opinion about your topic, although it should be a limited portion of your talk. You will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for the formal presentation, leaving 5 minutes afterwards to answer questions.
  • You must review your presentation with the instructor at least one week before you presentation or you will not be allowed to present.
  • You must attend, evaluate, and participate in discussions of other students’ presentations. If you are unable to attend one of the talks you will be required to make it up by attending one of the other seminar classes.

 

  • You must prepare and submit an original research paper on your topic. There will be several assignments due prior to your paper. These will include submitting a outline of your topic, a list of the sources you will use in your paper, and a preliminary abstract for your paper. The purpose of these assignments is to help you get an early and solid start on your work, leaving plenty of time to generate a well-written paper. These assignments will allow me to help you keep on track, ensure a good approach to writing, and hopefully make the actual writing of the paper easier. Due dates are listed below.

 

Your review must accurately document the sources of the material you discuss. Each time you describe an individual’s experimental results, paraphrase an individual’s ideas, or refer to a concept wholly associated with a particular individual, you must credit that individual. The proper citation of your sources is essential in preparing a research paper. Papers without proper documentation will be returned without a grade for revision. (Specific instructions will follow).  Please read the NJCU Academic Integrity Policy:

 

http://www.njcu.edu/sites/default/files/academic_integrity_policy_final_2-04.pdf

 

Evaluation: Grades will be determined on the following basis:

  • Oral presentation                        40%  (10% deduction for using buffer date)
  • Participation/assignments 20%
  • Written paper                         40%

10 points will be deducted per week for late papers.

 

Attendance: Attendance is mandatory. Students are expected to attend each presentation and to participate by asking questions, performing peer evaluations and providing constructive feedback.

 

 

 

 

Tentative Schedule:

 

Date                            Activity

 

9/7                               Introduction/Choosing a topic

 

9/14                             How to write a review paper /Assessment Rubric

                                    Preliminary topics due – meet for peer review

 

9/21                             Proper citations and academic integrity

                                    Preliminary bibliography, including summary of search

                                    strategies, due

 

9/28                            How to prepare and deliver an oral presentation/Assessment

Rubric

Final topics due – meet for peer review

 

10/5                             Preliminary Outline due– meet for peer review

                                    Final Bibliography due

 

10/12                           Final Outline Due – meet for peer review

                       

10/19                           PowerPoint presentations due

                                    Abstracts due

 

10/26                           Presentations—Group I

 

11/2                             Presentations—Group II

 

11/9                             Presentations—Group III

 

11/16                           Buffer Date

                                    All Papers due today

 

11/23                           Presentations—Group IV

 

11/30                           Presentations—Group V

 

12/7                             Buffer Date

 

 


Description of preliminary assignments:

 

  1. Topic – submit the topic on which you intend to write your paper.  Please keep      in mind that you need to keep your topic narrow enough to adequately           describe in a ten-page paper (not including graphics).

Topic theme will be under the umbrella of Global Warming and Biology, or Biotechnology.

  1. Bibliography- submit the names of the main primary research papers that you     will be including in your paper. Make sure that they are papers for which      you can actually access the text, not just the abstract.  Include a summary     of your search strategies.
  2. Outline- submit an outline of your paper.  We will discuss both outline format        and topics with each other in class.
  3. Abstract- submit a 150 – 200 word summary of your paper.

 

Tips for PowerPoint presentation and paper:

 

Presentation should include:

 

  • a concise background on the topic;
  • a description of the central biological questions being addressed;
  • appropriate figures with readable text font.

 

You must explain, not read, your presentation;

Your paper should:

 

  • be in the form of a review. It should not include sections on methods, results or discussion. Use published review articles as a guide;

 

  • be thorough and complete, double-spaced, 12 pt font;

 

  • be approximately 10 pages (not including graphics) with a minimum of 5 primary references;

 

  • be spell and grammar checked ->don’t let spell-check auto-correct scientific terms;

 

  • be written using references that are peer-reviewed primary research articles, review articles by experts, books or book chapters by experts in the field. Do not use newspaper articles or websites (you may use these to help you build general understanding but they cannot be considered reliable for accurate information);

 

  • include a title page;

 

  • be organized by topics. Working from an outline is often helpful;

 

  • include graphics needed to illustrate your paper; these are to be of your own creation.

 

  • include a separate bibliography page;

 

  • be written in complete sentences, each with a clear subject and verb, the number and tense of which agree;

 

  • have sentences limited to one thought;

 

  • not use the passive voice (e.g. “Watson and Crick showed that DNA consisted of two molecules.” instead of “DNA was shown to consist of two molecules by Watson and Crick.”;

 

  • be word-processed, proofread and revised. If you have concerns about your writing (who doesn’t?), have someone else proofread your paper;

 

  • not include any writing in second voice (i.e. ‘you’ as the subject of sentences).

 

Guidelines for Citations of Scientific Publications in Biology Seminar Papers

Please note that any paper submitted without citations within the text will be returned for revision without a grade and considered late.

 

The proper acknowledgement of sources includes: 1) a citation within the text of the paper; and 2) a list of the sources for the information you cited. Use the CSE method of citation.

 

Citing information in the text:

1) Citation sequence method: Number your citations consecutively (i.e., from the beginning of your paper to its end), either superscripted or within parentheses or brackets.

 

Example: Modern scientific nomenclature really began with Linnaeus in botany1, but other disciplines2,3 were not many years behind in developing various systems4-7 for nomenclature and symbolization.

 

Then prepare a bibliography listing the sources for the numbered citations in the same order.

2) Name –year method: This method lists the source of information at the point of each citation. The author(s)* and the date (year), offset in parentheses or brackets, follow immediately after the cited information.

 

Example: By contrast, the several antisera that have been raised against Sp1, a defined RNA polymerase II transcription factor (Kadonaga 1986), stain exclusively the nucleus . .

For different numbers of Authors:

One author: (Field 2005)
Two authors: (Gass and Varonis 1984)
More than two authors: (Munro et al. 2006)

No author: If the author cannot be determined use the article title (for long titles use the first few words followed by …):
Top fields of study for international students are business and engineering, followed by physical and life sciences, math and computer science, and social sciences (Open Doors 2010).

No date: For online sources if the publication year cannot be determined use the year of access. For print sources use [date unknown]:(Smith [date unknown]).

Bibliographical citations are ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last names.

Citations in the bibliography listed at the end of the paper are done as follows:

Books:

C-S:  Author(s), chapter title, source (book title), editors (if any), publisher, city, date and pages.

 

Example: Sherman, C. The invisible Web: uncovering information sources search engines can’t see. Medford, N.J.: CyberAge Books, Information Today; 2001. 439 p.

 

N-Y:  Author(s), date, chapter title, source (book title), editors (if any), publisher, city, and pages.

Example:  Sherman, C. 2001. The invisible Web: uncovering information sources search engines can’t see. Medford, N.J.: CyberAge Books, Information Today; 439 p.

 

Periodical (Journal) articles:

C-S: Author(s), article title, source (periodical name), volume, pages and date.

Example:  Cox J, Engstrom RT. Influence of the spatial pattern of conserved lands on the persistence of a large population of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Biol Conserv. 2001; 100(1): 137-150.

N-Y: Author(s), date, article title, source (periodical name), volume, and pages.

 

Example: Cox J, Engstrom RT. 2001. Influence of the spatial pattern of conserved lands on the persistence of a large population of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Biol Conserv. 100(1): 137-150.

 

Online Articles:

 

C-S Example: Savage E, Ramsay M, White J, Beard S, Lawson H, Hunjan R, Brown D. Mumps outbreaks across England and Wales in 2004: observational study. BMJ [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 May 31]; 330(7500):1119-1120. Available from: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/330/7500/1119 doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.119

 

N-Y Example: Savage E, Ramsay M, White J, Beard S, Lawson H, Hunjan R, Brown D. 2005. Mumps outbreaks across England and Wales in 2004: observational study. BMJ [Internet]. [cited 2007 May 31]; 330(7500):1119-1120. Available from: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/330/7500/1119 doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.119

 

 

 

Website:

Include: Title of web site, place of publication and publisher, date of publication and           date of last update (if       relevant), date you accessed the information (date cited),URL        (Web address) of the site.

C-S Example: APSnet: plant pathology online [Internet]. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association: c1994-2005 [cited 2005 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.apsnet.org/

 

N-Y Example:  APSnet: plant pathology online [Internet]. c1994-2005. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association: [cited 2005 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.apsnet.org/

 

Additional Information:

 

STUDENTS REQUIRING ACCOMMODATIONS: Students who require consideration for reasonable accommodations should register with the Office of Specialized Services and Supplemental Instruction (OSS/SI). A registration form is available at the OSS/SI website at http://www.njcu.edu/oss, by calling 201-200-2091, or by visiting the OSS/SI office in Karnoutsos Hall, Room 102.

 

VETERAN STUDENTS: Veterans of the armed services who require assistance may contact the Veteran’s Office by calling 201-200-2157 or visiting the office in Vodra Hall, Room 101. Additional information is available at http://www.njcu.edu/Veterans.

 

CREDIT-HOUR POLICY: New Jersey Administrative Code defines a semester credit-hour as 50 minutes of face-to-face class activity and 100 minutes of student preparation time, per week, for 15 weeks. To best prepare for exams and complete course assignments, students should dedicate a minimum of two hours outside of class to the course for each hour spent in class.

 

Please note these dates:

 

9/5                    Labor Day – University closed.

9/12                  Final day to drop a course for 100% of tuition (Online or Registrar’s Office).

9/13 – 11/1        Period to submit Pass/Fail forms (Registrar’s Office)

10/3                  Final day to withdraw from courses for a 50% refund of tuition with a “W” grade (Registrar’s Office).

10/18                Deadline: Incomplete grades for 2016 Spring and Summer classes become “F” grades.

11/1                  Final day to withdraw from a course with a “W” grade (Registrar’s Office).

11/24 – 26         Thanksgiving recess. No classes.#10

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